Microbiota Gut-Brain Axis and Neurodegenerative Disease: A systematic review on Alzheimer’s disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson Disease

Abstract

This review highlights the microbiota gut-brain axis and neurodegenerative diseases excluding studies on animal models. Gut microbiota is capable of modulating some brain activities via the microbiota gut-brain axis. A bidirectional communication exists between the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system (CNS) in the microbiota gut-brain axis. Gut dysbiosis has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases as a result of the imbalance in the composition of its microbiota, which has a damaging effect on the host’s health. The association between the role and mechanism of CNS disease and gut microbial is yet to be fully explored. Although some studies have shown a positive relationship between a rich diverse microbial community and the brain of the host, and a negative relationship between microbial dysbiosis, intestinal infection and human brain health, our knowledge, however, is limited due to the inability to identify the major players in this heterogeneous microbial community.