A comparative study to evaluate the clinical and biochemical efficacy of mannitol (10%) with glycerine (10%) versus mannitol (20%) in patients with mild to moderate head trauma

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and long-term disability globally, affecting individuals' physical, cognitive, and emotional well-being. TBI can result from various mechanisms such as blunt trauma or acceleration-deceleration forces, leading to neuronal damage and functional disruption. Diagnosis typically relies on neuroimaging techniques like CT and MRI. While treatment focuses on symptom management and rehabilitation, research into neuroprotective therapies and emerging interventions offers hope for better outcomes. Effective, personalised care remains essential in addressing the complex, multifaceted nature of TBI.
Objective of the study: This study aimed to compare the clinical and biochemical efficacy of Mannitol (10%) with Glycerine (10%) versus Mannitol (20%) in patients with mild to moderate head injuries, focusing on intracranial pressure reduction, neurological improvement, electrolyte balance, and safety profiles.
Material and method: A total of 100 adult patients with mild (GCS 13–15) to moderate (GCS 8–12) head injuries were randomly assigned to two groups: Group A received Mannitol (10%) + Glycerine (10%), and Group B received Mannitol (20%). Both regimens showed comparable efficacy in reducing cerebral oedema and improving neurological status. However, the combination therapy demonstrated better preservation of serum sodium levels and fewer hemodynamic fluctuations.
Conclusion: In our comparative prospective study, it can be concluded that the efficiency of 20% Mannitol and Mannitol (10%) with glycerine (10%) for the treatment of cerebral oedema in patients with mild to moderate head injury is almost equal.