A Linguistic-Narratological Commentary on the Dialogue of Odysseus and Achilles in the Underworld in Homer’s Odyssey (vv. 465 – 491)

Abstract

This commentary examines verses 465-491 from Rhapsody ? of Homer’s Odyssey, where Odysseus encounters Achilles in the Underworld. Through a narratological and linguistic analysis, the study explores the use of direct speech and narrative techniques that express the psychological states of both heroes. Odysseus, as a secondary narrator, reflects on his sufferings, while Achilles reveals his deep regret about death, stating his preference for a humble life over rulership in the afterlife. The analysis highlights the shifts in time and space, the contrast between life and death, and the emotional depth achieved through Homeric formulas and linguistic structures. Special emphasis is placed on focalization, with both Odysseus and Achilles presenting their perspectives on past experiences and their current fates in the Underworld. This passage from Rhapsody ? offers valuable insights into the thematic richness of the Odyssey and deepens our understanding of Homer’s narrative techniques, particularly in relation to heroic ideals and the human condition.